CMAJ • August 26, 2008; 179 (5). doi:10.1503/cmaj.071474.
© 2008 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors
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Independent associations between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Xilin Yang, PhD, WingYee So, MBChB, Gary T.C. Ko, MD, Ronald C.W. Ma, MBChB, Alice P.S. Kong, MBChB, Chun-Chung Chow, MBBS, Peter C.Y. Tong, PhD and Juliana C.N. Chan, MD

From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Yang, So, Ma, Kong, Chow, Tong), the Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity (Ko, Tong, Chan), and the Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (Kong, Chan), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China


Figure 117
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  		Figure 1: Flow diagram showing study population of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and reasons for exclusion from the present analysis.

 

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  		Table 1.

 

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  		Table 2.

 

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  		Table 3.

 

Figure 217
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  		Figure 2: Hazard ratios for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels associated with cancer at any site among patients who did not use statins (A) and among all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (B). The LDL cholesterol level associated with the lowest cancer risk (3.28 mmol/L) was used as the reference value. All curves were adjusted for smoking status, use of fibrates and spline functions of age, duration of diabetes, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and triglyceride levels (i.e., variables with a p value < 0.10). Figure 2A, showing hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, was derived from data for patients who did not use statins. Figure 2B shows two hazard ratio curves: one for people not using statins (as in Figure 2A, with data points indicated by stars), and one for the whole cohort, with further adjustment for use of statins from enrolment to date of cancer, death or censoring (data points indicated by circles).

 

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  		Table 4.

 

Figure 317
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  		Figure 3: Cumulative incidence of cancer among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not using statins, stratified by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels at baseline. Adjusted p value (log-rank test) < 0.05 for comparison of patients with LDL cholesterol level less than 2.80 mmol/L v. those with LDL cholesterol level of at least 2.80 mmol/L but less than 3.80 mmol/L, and for comparison of patients with LDL cholesterol level of at least 3.80 mmol/L v. those with LDL cholesterol level of at least 2.80 mmol/L but less than 3.80 mmol/L. Plus signs indicate data censored at the end of the study (July 30, 2005).

 

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  		Table 5.

 

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  		Table 6.