CMAJ • February 14, 2006; 174 (4). doi:10.1503/cmaj.050925.
© 2006 CMA Media Inc. or its licensors
All editorial matter in CMAJ represents the opinions of the authors and not necessarily those of the Canadian Medical Association.
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Review

New imaging techniques for diagnosing coronary artery disease

Esteban Escolar, Guy Weigold, Anthon Fuisz and Neil J. Weissman

From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Medstar Research Institute, Medstar Health, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.

Correspondence to: Dr. Neil J. Weissman, 100 Irving St. NW, Suite EB 5123, Washington DC 20010-2975; fax 202 877-0206; neil.j.weissman{at}medstar.net

Abstract

New tomographic cardiovascular imaging tests, such as intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS), coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be used to assess atherosclerotic plaques for the characterization and early staging of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although IVUS images have very high resolution capable of revealing very early preclinical CAD, it is an invasive technique used clinically only in conjunction with a coronary intervention. Multiple-slice coronary CT angiography, which is noninvasive, shows promise as a diagnostic method for CAD. New 64-slice cardiac CT technology has high accuracy for the detection of lesions obstructing more than 50% of the lumen, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values all better than 90% in patients without known CAD. Cardiac MRI is also improving accuracy in coronary plaque detection and offers a better opportunity for plaque characterization. With further advances in tomographic imaging of coronary atheromas, the goal will be to detect plaques earlier in the development of CAD and to characterize the plaques most likely to generate a clinical event.




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