CMAJ • December 6, 2005; 173 (12). First published November 17, 2005; doi:10.1503/cmaj.050655
© 2005 CMA Media Inc. or its licensors
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Research

Social support and education groups for single mothers: a randomized controlled trial of a community-based program

Ellen L. Lipman and Michael H. Boyle

From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.

Correspondence to: Dr. Ellen L. Lipman, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences — Chedoke Site, Patterson Building, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5; fax 905 574-6665; lipmane{at}mcmaster.ca

Abstract

Background: Members of families headed by single mothers are at increased risk of psychosocial disadvantage and mental health problems. We assessed the effect of a community-based program of social support and education groups for single mothers of young children on maternal well-being and parenting.

Methods: We recruited 116 single mothers of children 3 to 9 years old through community advertisements. Eligible mothers were randomly assigned either to participate in a 10-week program of group sessions (1.5 hours per week) offering social support and education, with a parallel children's activity group, or to receive a standard list of community resources and the option to participate in group sessions at the end of the follow-up period. Interviewers blinded to the randomization collected assessment data from all mothers at baseline and at 3 follow-up visits (immediately after the intervention and at 3 and 6 months after the intervention). Outcome measures were self-reported mood, self-esteem, social support and parenting.

Results: Between February 2000 and April 2003, the program was offered to 9 groups of single mothers. Most of the mothers in the trial reported high levels of financial and mental health problems. In the short term (after the intervention), mothers in the intervention group had improved scores for mood (p < 0.01, standardized effect = 0.55) and self-esteem (p < 0.05, standardized effect = 0.29) compared with mothers in the control group; scores for the other 2 measures did not differ between the groups. Growth curve analysis of program effects over the follow-up period showed improvement in all 4 outcomes, with no significant difference between the intervention and control groups.

Interpretation: This community-based program of group sessions offering social support and education to low-income single mothers had positive short-term effects on mood and self-esteem but not on social support and parenting. Longer follow-up showed attenuation of these effects.


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Can. Med. Assoc. J. 2005 173: 1429. [Full Text] [PDF]