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Do low-income lone mothers compromise their nutrition to feed their children?

From the Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (McIntyre); the Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount St. Vincent University, Halifax, NS (Glanville); the Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and the Centre for Health Promotion Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Raine); the Department of Anthropology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS (Dayle); the Public Health Services, Capital District Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Anderson); and Community Consultant, Halifax, NS (Battaglia).

Correspondence to: Dr. Lynn McIntyre, Professor, Faculty of Health Professions, 3rd floor, 5968 College St., Burbidge Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 3J5; fax 902 494-1966; Lynn.McIntyre{at}dal.ca

Background: Women who live in disadvantaged circumstances in Canada exhibit dietary intakes below recommended levels, but their children often do not. One reason for this difference may be that mothers modify their own food intake to spare their children nutritional deprivation. The objective of our study was to document whether or not low-income lone mothers compromise their own diets to feed their children.

Methods: We studied 141 low-income lone mothers with at least 2 children under the age of 14 years who lived in Atlantic Canada. Women were identified through community organizations using a variety of recruitment strategies. The women were asked weekly for 1 month to recall their food intake over the previous 24 hours; they also reported their children's (n = 333) food intake. Mothers also completed a questionnaire about "food insecurity," that is, a lack of access to adequate, nutritious food through socially acceptable means, during each interview.

Results: Household food insecurity was reported by 78% of mothers during the study month. Mothers' dietary intakes and the adequacy of intake were consistently poorer than their children's intake overall and over the course of a month. The difference in adequacy of intake between mothers and children widened from Time 1, when the family had the most money to purchase food, to Time 4, when the family had the least money. The children experienced some improvement in nutritional intake at Time 3, which was possibly related to food purchases for them associated with receipt of the Child Tax Benefit Credit or the Goods and Services Tax Credit.

Interpretation: Our study demonstrates that low-income lone mothers compromise their own nutritional intake in order to preserve the adequacy of their children's diets.

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